| Works by a single author |
Last name of author and year of publication are inserted in the text at appropriate points.
e.g. In a recent study of inclusive education (Salvia, 2007), ...
If the name of author appears as part of the narrative, cite only the year of publication in parentheses.
e.g. Salvia (2007) considered inclusive education as ...
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| Works by multiple authors |
When a work has two authors, always cite both last names every time the reference occurs in the text. Join the names with an ampersand (&) in parentheses.
e.g. Regarding the case studies (Robinson & Stern, 1997), ...
In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and".
e.g. Robinson and Stern (1997) demonstrated ...
When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs.
e.g. Mok, Lee, Li, Ma, and Pang (2003) found ...
In all subequent citations, include only the last name of the first author followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
e.g. Mok et al. (2003) found ...
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| Works by associations, corporations, government agencies, etc. |
The names of groups that serve as authors are usually written out each time they appear in the text.
e.g. (Hong Kong Institute of Education [HKIEd], 2006)
When appropriate, the names of some corporate authors are spelled out in the first reference and abbreviated in all subsequent citations.
e.g. (HKIEd, 2006)
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| Works with no author |
When a work has no author indicated, use the first two or three words of the work's title (omitting any initial articles and capitalizing each word) as the in-text reference.
e.g. the book Corporate Creativity (1997)
Place the title in quotation marks if it refers to an article or chapter of a book, or italicize it if it refers to a book or periodical.
e.g. the findings ("Medium of Instruction", 2004)
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